SAP HR Module Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SAP HR Module - Research Paper Example This report will outline some of the important aspects of HR Module including its major functions and features. SAP ERP HCM: An Overview SAP HCM is also called human resource management system that is commonly used to manage human resource related activities for an organization. With an integrated SAP ERP HCM software solution for managing all the human resource related operations, a business organization can be able to more enthusiastically recognize where their workforce's talents are at the present and bring into line the objectives of their employees with their business's overarching business policy. In addition, using this real-time approach to deal with human resources, a business is able to take advantage completely from human-capital policies and programs; and as a result determine their workforce's support to the bottom line. Additionally, by automating all the core human resource procedures, like that human resource management, legal reporting and payroll this modern techno logy based system increases the business performance and compliance with changing worldwide and local regulations. In fact, SAP ERP Human Capital Management system helps business organizations all through the globe to improve performance with well-organized, dedicated and motivated personnel. Moreover, with integrated building blocks and a matchless partner system, the system facilitates shared services and business operations outsourcing and minimizes operating expenses and risk for these operational models (SAP; kristine; Newman). Features and Functions SAP ERP Human Capital Management system encompasses characteristics, processes and end-user release alternatives to help business organizations manage the following business procedures (SAP; SAP2; kristine; Newman). End-user Service Delivery: This module of SAP ERP HCM facilitates the organization in delivery of ERP services both with business content to the entire organization and beyond. Basically, the customer service delivery b usiness process provides the clients with numerous alternatives to access ERP features and services, depending on the nature of their tasks, their preferences, and the business context (SAP; SAP2; kristine; Newman). Workforce Analytics: This module of SAP ERP HCM facilitates timely approaching into the staff that allows a business organization to take advantage of integrated human capital policy and programs, and determine their workforce’s potential to the bottom line (SAP; SAP2; kristine; Newman). Talent Management: This module of SAP ERP HCM offers a great deal of support to people all through every stage of their services, from staffing through development, training and retention. It also allows them to recruit the appropriate people, place their expertise to most outstanding use, bring into line worker objectives with business objectives by augmenting the influence of training, and maintain the tasks for the top performers. In addition, SAP ERP HCM also allows the organi zations to develop and deploy talent more quickly and flexibly as compared to ever before. In this scenario, the result facilitates and puts together all the talent management procedures, as a result organizations are able to acquire, attract, train and guide, and expand talent, identify and produce future leaders; and bring into line and motivate talent with

A Formal Business Letter to The Rose Theatre Kingston Essay

A Formal Business Letter to The Rose Theatre Kingston - Essay Example As a larger company with profits above  £1.5M you may be taxed at 30% of profit per annum. Another salient point is the advantage that British theatres have in their attraction for tourists. Consider that technology now allows relatively inexpensive advertising on a wider, international scale thanks to the Internet. The inclusion of your theatre on tourist group itineraries could increase exposure of your brand and aid in more consistently achieved full-houses. Further your brand name – The Rose Theatre – is certainly internationally marketable. Home/local productions appear to attract your largest audiences. Careful analysis is needed to identify the ideal balance of productions you stage: would designing your annual program around a majority of such local performances ensure optimum audience numbers, and hence sustainable and predictable margins? Within this analysis it must be noted that the auditorium at The Rose is exceptionally well-equipped and this factor should also aid in attracting â€Å"big name† producers, actors and performers – should more marketing resources be directed at attracting draw card â€Å"names† and hence a wider-ranging audience? Finally but perhaps most importantly, the upgrading of the facilities at the theatre, peripheral to the performance hall, must receive priority. The foyer, the ticket sales lobby, and the faà §ade must aid in raising the profile of the theatre. A strategy to source funding for such improvements is required as many of the proposals in this letter would have their implementation enhanced by a more traditional and inviting â€Å"complete† theatre experience at your venue. Hence a summary of three suggestions each of which will help to enable the ultimate priority: planning the correct balance of productions staged both to attract wider audiences; raising the profile of the theatre among national theatre personalities and tourist audiences;

How Andrew Jackson was portrayed Essay Example for Free

How Andrew Jackson was portrayed Essay Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States. A rough-hewn military hero, he was regarded by many as the spokesman of the common man. He entered the White House in 1829 after winning the second of two vigorously fought election campaigns. Through his forceful personality, he restructured the office of the president and helped shape the democratic party. Less educated and less schooled in government than many of his political opponents, Jackson had leaped to national fame in the War of 1812 as the hero of the Battle of New Orleans and had captured the dedicated loyalty of a vast segment of the American population. He was widely acclaimed as the symbol of what the new American thought himself to be a self-made man endowed with virtue and strength. The results of the election of 1824 proved that Jackson was indeed the champion of a popular majority. Jacksons administrations were highlighted by the frustration of sectional attempts to weaken the central government by state nullification of federal law, and by his confrontation with the Bank of the U.S. Jackson also positively affected the development of the U.S. presidency. He concentrated power in the office through wide use of the veto and through his insistence that the chief executive alone represented the will of the whole nation. He committed the presidential powers to the protection of the people. Throughout his presidency, Jackson was portrayed as both a states rightist and as a nationalist. As a states rightist, he proteced the states rights so that the federal government would not fund individual states rights and favor them over other states. He was a strong believer in the political ideas of the Jeffersonians. Another example of Jackson being a states rightist includes the Maysville Road veto. Jackson had pledged to reduce the national debt and was opposed to the rising number of bills before Congress that proposed to finance internal improvements with public money. The Maysville Road Bill gave authorized the use of federal funds to construct a road between the towns of Maysville and Lexington, both in Kentucky. Jackson vetoed the bill, calling it unconstitutional because it concerned only the state of Kentucky. As a nationalist, Jackson believed in a strong central government in order to unify the nation. He also believed in a democracy for the entire nation. Jackson also supported the Spoils System, which rewarded his political supporters with public offices and allowed common people to take office.

Prescriptive And Descriptive Schools Of Strategy Business Essay

Prescriptive And Descriptive Schools Of Strategy Business Essay Introduction: Strategic management has become well established in all the sectors of the economies especially in the large organizations. Every business has some specific purposes a reasonable of a business is to create customers and to build a profit generating market. A customer is the foundation of the business. Survival ability is a kind of competence function of the management and nature of the business, nature of ownership, and the financial strength of the enterprises are interested. A stable enterprise always struggles to minimize the managerial tensions of the business. It is the strategy of assistance in an external environment. Ohmaes definition of strategic management is quite different. He drew three groups of strategic management which are customer, Corporation and competitors. The generator also described the importance of theme by moving from abstract idea of strategy to the concrete strategic planning of its implementation. There are different ideas and arguments among many people having interest in the strategic management but their arguments and ideas are remarkably inconclusive. Over the years the studies show that the aim and objectives specify the quantity and targets and goals towards the leadership and the effort, the investment of the resources, the abilities to be directed such that the aims and strategic intent is achieved. In this assignment you will find the schools of strategy briefly. Role of Strategic Management and competitive analysis: The major requirement of the role of the strategic analysis is the understanding of competitive situation and appraisal which directs the enterprise in the sector or market. The strategic choice is flourished by the competitive forces against the organization or enterprise. The enterprise always makes a transparent and clear activities and identities of its competitors. It is important particularly when the selected proposals are supposed to enter in the market to operate in the international market. In early 1993 Mr. Kay discussed the basic or core enterprise in which the capability of the firm or company provides the more competitive advantage in the local market and international as well. The reason of it is because the competitive advantage is relative and the firms can facilitate themselves by the applying the strategic role to other suppliers in the same market. A firm is supposed to understand and define the competitive strategic advantage arena. The strategic competitive poli cy of the Japanese and South Korean competition was pillared on the encouragement of Competitive Oligopoly among the companies within the frame work of the national protection acts. Contemporary Strategic Issues: Issue is an un solved problem or question which is need to be solved and to give a result to take a future decision but when it is strategic issue then it has major impact on the direction of the business. The strategic issues are involved in the deep simplifying strategic planning. There are many strategic issues are hidden behind the curtain in one organization which just needed to be taken out to get tackle against them. Actually a team will generate bigger list of the strategic issues then they will have time to solve it. All the strategic issues are queued in an order and the priority is given to the much serious ones. While solving the issues the team staff is permitted to discuss the terms and then it defines the scope of the issues before the discussion get into heated. Then the discussion is derived until the decision is taken placed and solutions are provided to the member or represented people of the organizations. Some of the strategic issues lead to the later strategic p lanning steps. Schools of the Strategy: Mintzberg and lampel in 1999 reviewed ten schools of strategy formulation and declared that any type of business must be driven by the strategy. The strategy has a specific role in the enterprise management but the concept of enterprise indicated that the company has vision, mission and culture and it does not look possible that any one create a future statement on the development of company or organization. Hence the plans are created for the short term future to sustain and struggle against on coming challenges. So strategy is not a set of acts to achieve the future objectives but it is concentration which is gazed upon the created plans. The contributions of ideas have been included by the schools in the followings. Cognitive School: This school is about the process of strategic decision making which is based on the concept and their frameworks already exist. Concept of business, definition of plan or action and formation of strategies are the processes of the enterprise. The cognitive school as compared to school of learning is much different it presents the mind of strategies and drawing field of cognitive psychology. The large body of research that informs the individual about the decision making and to support evidences and the abilities to adopt the same criteria in the similar situation. The more recent event having the greater influence then the past events. In addition the individuals have the cognitive style including the followings; The strategic formation is a cognitive process that takes place in the strategies stage. Strategies emerge as frames, maps and concepts. Design School: Design school is what that perceives the strategy formation as achieving getting fixed between the internal strengths and the outer threats and opportunities. The SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Threats, opportunities) has keen importance to make help of the vision and mission of the organization. The planning and design schools are emerged from the same academic years and had so many features. Difference that are mentioned between the design and planning schools are required an implicitly imaginative steps to devise candidate strategies. Therefore the strategic businesses theories which lie behind the planning school are really wanted for business to work more efficiently and work like a machine and it leave no room for the creativity. The planning and design schools use SWOT style and these become so formalized and detailed. In practice the planning begins with an objective covered by the strategy. Entrepreneurial School: The principal aspects of an enterprise are considered here as a vision. The unique figure of future is defined with a team leader who is utilized as the source of vision and mission. The vision sets as the motivation and courage of the employees of an organization. One of the advocates named Peter Ducker identifies the entrepreneurial with the management. The entrepreneurial act is the act of economic risk taking and business enterprise institution. Entrepreneurial in the larger business or organization includes Richard Barson of Virgin and Jack Welsh as well. The domination of strategic forming by the new search opportunities. It leading to the decision making on the large scale on the face of uncertainty and its power is centralized in the hands of the chief executive. The vision of strategy is deliberated in its broad view and flexible to attain the aim or objectives. Cultural School: It defines the importance of culture as an enabler of strategic formulation. The organizational culture can be a thought of shared value beliefs and norms which are held by the people who work on it and the organizations from other organizations. The framework of the organizational culture includes the team work, control, honesty, conflicts, decision making power and rewards. It is categorized to the other aspects like dress code or as shown on the other member of the staff and consumers. In some of the cases the rules which are governing the conduct of the business are known as unwritten grounded rules. The focuses of cultural school are the social interaction of involving the others within the organization for the purpose of strategy formation and the reflection of strategy which emerges the understandings and beliefs of those within the organization. Positioning School: The positioning school is the school which provides the strategic approach to the planning of analytical approach and aims to define the common place through the industry situation. The industry analysis is based on the Porters five forces analysis. The positioning school is driven like both the programmatic and consultancy driven as well and it looks like the design school. Actually the numbers of things in this paragraph are not to draw conclusion for the school and everything is implicit or assumed. It is the knowledge view that is not in circular flow or the expected development has no long term value attached to this kind of knowledge the required data is being saved and kept by the consultants and The Gurus. Now it is just relying on the long term condition of predictability that has nothing to say about the implementation and the competitors and company itself had a broadly shared determined world view. This theme was originally create by the consultants for their personal ben efits. Mitzberg has drawn an explanation for the production of performance, attendance and the constant cycle of rehearsal. By reviewing the ideology of this school it seems like that we can make better characterized entrepreneurial ideology in two parts. Based on Dialectic but crucially world view Based on the investment into specific uncertainty From the given prescription of Mintzberg we might be getting few numbers of misgivings about the positioning school of strategy. Planning School: Planning school contributes with the structural planning process with many levels of decision making. The different levels allow the people who make decisions to analyze many aspects of strategy as corporate. This school is meant to be the bridge between the business practice and theory of traditional business (old world) and the risk management (new world). In order to make it functional it is important to take it in ones notice that how the business runs and the running figures being utilized in the scenario. The way of doing remains unspecified despite the claimed formality of the proceeding stage. The objective toward the goal remains under discussion and it is formed by the tricky process between them by the act of negotiations. Mintzberg dicussed about the planning theories. The parts that are eliminated from the theory are creative imagination except for the Porters five Planning Schools Scenario. It was initially considered that the planning school of strategy is different fr om the idea of strategies being a form of knowledge probably these are inherited uncertainly. While capturing the business form of objectives and programmatic goals assumed that all other things are different that is the place where strategy formula is disappeared. Thus the Strategic School of Planning rejects the existence of uncertainty in any of the form and it is almost a meta strategy of placing truth in the formal planning process. The planning school marks points where the business modeling has been taken off by the effect of risk management techniques to make a statistical model of the market or company. Until now the Mintzberg keeping the sides of both of the fallacy of predetermination and the fallacy of detachment. The legacy of business strategic planning school is that business plan and business model that had formed the degraded liberatory emancripatory language of ghetto poverty. Its discredited certainties of a positive business theory against the life tsunami of un certainties. All the situation looks like same that was arguably the high point of rational approach to strategic management. Power School: The school which focuses on the strategy making pillared of power. Numbers of two approaches power exist in a company where the organization uses the power on its suppliers or customers. The culture to elaborate principles and polices that leads to the relationship among people is called Micro Power. The combination of power with the other strategy groups id that is beyond the economic terms because the influence of the power for one organization will affect the politics of the firm. It started in the early 1990s. The roles of this school are some times to negotiate the implicit contracts to build the power base and building a larger and powerful department. In budget: to govern more resources playing with in clearly defined rules. The political action or continuing process can be the internal persuasion and in few cases confrontation with the shifting interests. Learning School: The learning school exploits the strategy model like a learning process where the competencies and capabilities are important parts of the process and strategies that are underpin. In an enterprise concept the core competence is the concept that is supposed to be used. The perspectives of learning school are that the workers inside the organization get ideologies that how can them respond to adopt the situation in the positive manner. The premises of this school are described as the many number of individuals in an organization are involved with the formation and learning of strategy. The formation and the implementation of the strategy cannot be separated and this whole process occurs over a long time. The strategic school learning of raises the question that who is the architect of strategy. Environment School: This believes that the strategies and the companies have a life cycle and it rotates continually. So it seems important to understand the demand and supply of the products that are being used under the policies of the organization or a company and there is a viable strategy to exist is needed. The individuals acquire the organizations beliefs by a process of socialization reinforce by the formal training session. The environmental strategy making is a process that reflects the patterns of actions. The beginning of environmental school was from the 1990s. It viewed as the forces working outside the organization are active and the organization itself it trying to obtain the energy from outside to merge it or gain it to compete in the strategic environment. The basic participation of the Environmental school is to bring the overall view of strategy to maintain the balance. The strategic school is of the point of view is that the one company or enterprise is sole responsible for the form ation of strategy. The school had premises outside the environmental forces are the central person in the making of a strategy plan. Configuration School: The transformation process viewed as the strategy for the company in order to undertake such revolutionary alteration. The strategy is one of the most important aspects of the enterprise. Most of the enterprises state it as stable like adopting a particular structure for a number of strategies. The stability time durations are like a life cycle in the organization or company. The purpose of strategic management is to control the process of change by not effecting the negative way on the company. The configuration school of strategy and other schools of strategic management are employed at different times. The key is to elect a relevant school of choice to complete the project by depending on the circumstances on other side a particular process for development of strategy can be suggested over there. All these school had considered to define the frame work for the organization. Strategy Formulation in the large company or organization: The formulation can be divided into two inter related components and parts to get better understand. These are corporate strategy and Business strategy. The corporate strategy is related with the issues of strategic management at the level of the enterprise. There are few directions that should develop its activity in which it can develop the nature of its internal architecture and the nature of the relationship with its sector. The Business strategy is what in which the enterprises establishes the strategies for the organizational business activities and the specific division or business units operations can be allocated. Strategy formulation in SME: The formation of strategy in the SME small to medium sized enterprises it is unluckily to differentiate to make difference between the business and corporate strategy. You will be amazed to know that the strategy of the enterprise is its business strategy until the SME flourishes to an efficient size to think about issues of corporate development and the external relationship. In the well known series of Mintzberg and colleagues (1985b, 1987b) the basis of strategy are categorized under the following headings Self imposed The requirement The deliberate Rationalistic Logically incremental The emergent Conclusion: There are different ideas and arguments among many people having interest in the strategic management but their arguments and ideas are remarkably inconclusive. Over the years the studies show that the aim and objectives specify the quantity and targets and goals towards the leadership and the effort, the investment of the resources, the abilities to be directed such that the aims and strategic intent is achieved. References: Books: Strategic Management by Paul Joyce Adrian Woods (Published 2001) ISBN 0 74943583 6. Strategic Planning and management for Library Managers by Joseph Matthews (Published in 2005) ISBN 1-59158231-8. Hand Book on Enterprise Architecture by P.Bernus, L. Nemes and G. Schmidt issued in 2003 ISBN 3-540-00343. Principles of strategic management by Tony Morden (published in 2007) ISBN 978-0-7546-4474-3. Internet: [www.strategyletter.com] http://www.strategyletter.com/cp_0799/FeaturedArticle.php [www.nickpelling.com] http://www.nickpelling.com/dissertation/chapter4.pdf

Essay --

Guillermo Campos ID #477549 Term paper on Global Warming Ways and Means That Could Be Employed to Save the Earth from Global Warming. Global warming should be a concern for modern day humanity. It can be a determining factor in preserving our humanity. Preventive measures can be implemented to enhance the quality of the air we breathe and the environment we live in. Becoming educated about going green is a great method for addressing global warming. It could make a difference in the next phase of our humanity. We must all contribute in our own way to help prevent global warming. Global warming is one the most debated environmental topic of this day. Everyone is concern with the next phase of humanity. Will we survive? Will the earth replenish itself from all these toxins? Including the many means and ways to prevent this human catastrophic event. Global warming is defined as a sustained increase in the earth’s atmospheric temperature. This is due to human practices that result in an increase in the emission of carbon-dioxide into the atmosphere from cars, heat from homes and businesses, factories. These few things alone contribute to about 80% of today’s carbon-dioxide emissions, 25% methane, and 20% nitrous-oxide. The increase in agriculture, deforestation, industrial production, and mining contribute a significant share of emissions as well. Also the burning of solid waste, fossil fuels and wood products are a major problem too. Scientist believe that global warming is a combination of human activities as well as natural climatic change. Climatic change as a result of the natural life cycle can be a contribu... ... decrease in the algae population and this would result in a population increase for algae. In the end the fate of humanity with respect to global warming will be determined by the actions we take individually and as a whole. The first thing to do is monitor our behaviors. We need to practice more safe and environmental friendly activities when it comes to helping to make our earth a cleaner and safer place to live. We can do more to recycle. We have to be mindful of how we dump our garbage. Definitely, we can use more environmental products. Overall, the issue of preventing global warming is on us as humans. Nature plays a part as Fas climate changes but most of the responsibility of keeping the earth clean and staying on that path is ultimately our responsibility.

Of Mice and Men :: English Literature

With its appealing elements of naivet, humour and pathos Of Mice And Men is Steinbeck's tableau of the oppressed in post-depression US society. It has strong imagery, decisive action, authentic dialogue and cinematic tension. Would you say this novel is a classic and successful? Why? I will first explore whether I think "Of Mice and Men" is worthy of the reputation linked with a term, in my opinion, too widely used in the world of literature. The word I am referring to of course is "classic". The definition of a "classic" is a great and timeless book or work of art. Therefore I am going to temporarily re-phrase the title question for ease of comprehension and explanation to: "Would you say this novel is great, timeless and successful? Why?" This will enable me to deal with the true meaning of the term "classic" at the same time as formulating an opinion of whether Steinbeck's "Of Mice and Men" deserves this prestigious title. Firstly, is this novel great? Well, it certainly isn't great in magnitude, i.e. the size of the book is not that which we would associate with such a rated book. It only has six chapters and the story takes place in quite a short space of time. However, the definition of greatness in this instance does not mean "huge" or "vast" it means "wonderful" and "important". In my opinion the novel is great in this way. It displays affection, emotion, friendship and love, as well as loneliness, discrimination, prejudice and anger. These are all basic human qualities and liabilities, which makes the novel both wonderful and important in a way that few people will ever really understand. Even though I don't know what Steinbeck's inspiration and reason for writing this novel was I personally respect the way in which he sums up such important parts of life in six short chapters. These are the only reasons I found to justify why "Of Mice and Men" should be classed as "great", however there are countless reasons for this novel to be classed as "timeless". The moral issues and difficulties of the people in this book are still relevant in the world today and I feel that people all over the world will be able to empathise on a metaphorical level with George and Lennie's struggles in realising their dream. The first question to address when looking at "Of Mice and Men" as a timeless novel is: 'What are the predominant moral issues hidden in this novel, how are they relevant today and will they still be relevant in the future?' This is a difficult question to face with a novel such as this, as the author does not exaggerate exactly what the

Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Ancient and modern societies have deployed wars as a means of solving conflicts or advancing certain interests. The Infamous wars in the world are the World War I and World War II which happened in the 20th C. These two wars took place for the purpose of advancing political and economical gains of the participating countries. Countries wanted to gain powerful control over others on military, economic resources and even resizing the countries boundaries by capturing other nations. A win in war guaranteed superiority hence opportunity to rule over the subdued nation. War and literature Literature, has borrowed a lot from the occurrence of the World War 1 and World War II. Literature is considered as a mirror of the society. The events that took place during these wars have shaped authors of the ancient and modern society. The authors aimed to bring into light the true picture of what went on in the course of the war. The significance of these wars to literature thus can be observed in the aspect of the style and content form of literary writers. Literature art saw the emergence of several literary authors during the world wars and after. Some of the notable literary writers who have voiced their thought on negative effects world wars had on the society include: Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway First Casualty by Ben Elton Goodbye to All That by Robert Graves Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas All Quiet on The Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque Content forms a significant aspect in identification of war literature. It is the message that authors want to present to their audience. In war literature the above authors used their creative arts as writers to show the world that although these wars presented massive growth to countries in regard to military advancements and economic gains, the social, cultural, economical and political society setup systems suffered immensely. This research analyses some of the negative effects of war as presented in these creative writings. Despair, grief and disillusionment Despair, grief and disillusionment are some of the psychological effects that wars submit Citizens and the soldiers to. These effects can have a lasting scar to the people involved influencing the way they think and act. Hemingway’s Farewell to Arms presents a picture of soldiers and citizens disillusioned with the war. The soldier with Hernia admits to having thrown away his truss in order to avoid returning to the war front. He says â€Å"I threw away the goddam truss so it could get bad and I would not have to go to the line again† (Hemingway 37). Henry then offers to help him â€Å"You get out and fall down by the road and get a bump on your head and I’ll pick you up on our way back and take you to a hospital.† By offering to help, Henry is demonstrating his lost will to pursue the course of the war as he considers the war to be out of his interest. Sentiments of Henry are echoed by Rinaldi who does admit to the fact that war has made him depressed â€Å"This war is killing me,† Rinaldi said, â€Å"I am very depressed by it (Hemingway 177). Miss Barkley in Hemingway’s Farewell to Arms is a woman filled with grief. Miss Barkley’s boyfriend who was a soldier is killed in the war. His death does not only cause Miss Barkley grief but it leads her to desperation in finding someone who can comfort her. Her desperation is evident in the way she easily falls for Henry at their first encounter. She tells him â€Å"you are sweet†¦ I’d be glad to kiss you if you don’t mind.† (Hemingway 27).Barkley would love forgetting the nasty experience. In addition, throughout Farewell to Arms novel, soldiers indulge in alcoholism and drug abuse. Their main reason is to get the troubles of war out of their mind. This illustrates the psychological turmoil that the soldiers are subjected to. Feelings of happiness have eluded them and alcohol and drug abuse present their only choice to refilling their minds with that ‘feel good’ moment. Ben Elton’s First Casualty novel also presents elements of disillusionment among the soldiers. In discussion between one of the soldiers and the inspector, the soldier notes â€Å"Oh don’t get me wrong inspector, we all know that he is right, the War’s gone Mad, nothing could possibly be worth the price we are paying.† (Elton 129). The soldier’s believe in the war has been shattered completely. The fighting is considered as madness as there isn’t any benefit apart from the country and the Kings’ pride. It is mad fighting when you have no reason for the fight. Decay of moral values War literature seems to amplify the fact that during war period, non-soldiers and soldiers are so much concerned with themselves that they become complacent, lack care for others and general decay of moral values. This is attributed to the harsh climate of wars which lead to basic human moral values and ethics being degenerated. War climate is a climate that is hard to separate an enemy from a friend. People are usually preoccupied in trying to save themselves rather than trying to help others. Medical practitioners and first aid providers are expected to demonstrate kindness and tender care to their patients. These professionals act in contrary in the novel Farewell to Arms by Hemingway. Henry on arrival in Milan for specialized medical care, the ambulance drivers hold him clumsily as they put him in an elevator. This causes him a lot of pain. Moreover, one of them is drunk â€Å"His breath came in my face metallic with garlic and red wine (Hemingway 87). He is also bandaged with dirty bandages â€Å"When I woke up, I looked around†¦my legs in the dirty bandages†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hemingway (90). The hospitals are not able to acquire proper facilities for war victims despite being new. In Goodbye to All That by Robert Graves, the author displays a group of men joking over a dead body â€Å"Out of the light, you old bastard, Do you own this bloody trench.† (Graves, 100). This context portrays a society that has become so used to death that death does not illicit fear anymore. This complacency is further heightened when there is heavy bombardments and Graves is only concerned with his cup of tea which is spilled (Graves 188) During the retreat in Farewell to Arms novel Henry and the companion pick up two girls who were in desperate help to run away from the war front. One of the soldiers Bonello does not demonstrate the virtue of kindness. He wants to take advantage of the girls to advance his sexual urge â€Å"he put his hand on the girl’s thigh and squeezed it in a friendly way. The girl drew her shawl tight around her and pushed his hand away (Hemingway 208). Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas novel by Thompson presents a society that is punishing what is right and condoning what is wrong, As the Duke continues to read the newspaper, a small article talks about how Mohammed Ali has a final appeal of a case in court which he had been sentenced to five years in prison for refusing to kill â€Å"slopes.† This illustrates the moral decay of the society. A criminal was likely to get a shorter jail term than a person who had refused to join the military and aid in killings. What is right is considered a serious offence. Discrimination Discrimination refers to isolation of an individual on basis of race, religion, color and sex. The war era period was characterized with a lot of discrimination. Discrimination led to hatred which fueled the wars. Notable forms of discrimination included nationality and sex/gender War discriminates the human race based on nationality and patriotism to warring parties. Hemingway’s Farewell to War is a classic example. While in Italy for specialized treatment, Henry requests for a barber. He is mistreated by the barber whom we come to understand that had mistakenly identified Henry as an Australian. The porter says that the barber would have gone as far as killing Henry but fear prevented him. In addition, the doctor to Henry refers to Australians as ‘sons of bitches’ he even asks Henry how many he had managed to kill (Hemingway 101). The Italians and Australians are enemies during the war. Patriotism and allegiance to each country has created a segregation gap among citizens of these nations. Fear and Loathing Las Vegas reveals racist nature of the American military during thje Vietnam War decay of moral values. This is portrayed in a copy of the Las Vegas Sun newspaper the Duke was reading. â€Å"†¦she was just a slope anyway.† This is in reference to killing of Asiatic origin person. His killing is considered right for simple reason that he from the race of the enemy camp. A ‘slope’ referred to Asiatic community. The massive killings during the Vietnam War were ironically regarded as success by the American government. Disruption of Human lives Wars disrupt the social political and economical functioning of a society. During the World War 1 as brought by Henry Hemingway in Farewell to Arms, these fundamental pillars of the society were disrupted. The process of love between a man and woman cannot hold. As a soldier, Henry believes he cannot fall in love with a woman just because of her job nature. When we meet Henry on his first encounter with Catherine, Henry paints a picture of hypocritical demonstration of love. Secondly, Henry in Farewell to Arms by Henry Hemingway novel states that. â€Å"There were riots twice in town against the war and bad in Turin (Hemingway 142) this illustrates that the daily activities of people were disrupted as they came out to air their views in regard to war proceedings. All Quiet on the Western Front author Erich Maria Remarque portrays soldiers who have been cut out from the society and deprived fundamental physiological needs such as a need to have a romantic sexual experience. Recruitment into the army in this novel happens at a very young age of around 20 years. The young men are at a ripe energy of starting to experience romantic life when they are enlisted to war. This illustrated by Paul who poses a statementâ€Å"we can hardly credit those things happen.† (Remarque 141) in reference to a poster of a woman wearing a white dress and a red belt Paul Bauner in the novel All Quiet on the Western Front represents a figure alienated from the rest of Civilians. War has profound effects on people. Not only does it damage the souls of people but also the physical body. Paul Bauner is the novel’s protagonist taking part in the World War 1 as a German soldier. He witnesses the horrifying death of his fellow soldiers through grisly bullet wounds and explosives. He is affected by these events and can be seen by his inability to relate to other civilians while on leave. Migration of residents During the war period, families and residents of the war areas are forced to migrate to safer areas. On page 200 in Farewell to Arms, Henry Hemingway narrates that Gorizzia town was almost empty. â€Å"In the night many peasants had joined the column from the roads of the country and in the column there were carts loaded with household goods; there were mirrors projecting up between mattresses, and chickens and ducks tied to carts. There was a sewing-machine on the cart ahead of us in the rain. They had saved the most valuable things† (pg 211) The above quotes paint a picture of people migrating away from their homes. People have saved belongings they believe are most important. Moreover there were several houses that were abandoned. The narrator says â€Å"The whole country was moving, as well as the army (Hemingway 233) Senseless murder and brutality Wars are usually filled with senseless murder and brutality. The killing of one of the two sergeants by Henry who refused to help get out Aymo’s car that had stuck in mud is a clear example. The sergeant is killed for failing to honor an order which is not from their leader and to which they see no reason to respond to. â€Å"I opened up my holster, took the pistol, aimed at the one who had talked the most, and fired. I missed and they both started to run. I shot three times and dropped one† (Hemingway 218). Bonello sees no crime in this act and not only does he offer to finish up the wounded sergeant; he finds it a special accomplishment. The irony in this killing is that they still had to abandon the car after it failed to come out. Soldiers with the rank of a colonel, a major or a higher rank are killed for crimes of abandoning their troops. This act is brutal in that the officers are not given a chance to defend themselves. They were convicted to death without trial. â€Å"He was not allowed to make an explanation† (Hemingway 240). We the readers are aware that these soldiers had not abandoned their troops and these murders have no basis. Aymo an Italian soldier is also shot by fellow Italian soldiers. These soldiers are acting out of fear of Germans who are perceived to have broken barriers. Remarque in the novel All quiet on the Western Front describes World War 1 as beastly. The Germans are actually enjoying killing the enemy soldiers and even call it a game of Germans. The soldiers are transformed from being humans into animals/beasts. â€Å"†¦ We reach the zone where the front begins and become the instant human animal (Remarque 56) Fear In the course of war, fear is instilled not only to the area residents but also the soldier. Bonello a soldier with the Italian troops has surrendered to the enemy soldiers. From discussion of Henry and Tenente, we realize that his main reason to surrendering was fear of being killed. â€Å"He was afraid we would get killed.† (Hemingway 232). Bonello viewed being a prisoner as a better option to death. Residents and former soldiers leave in fear of being arrested. â€Å"If you have nothing to fear an arrest is nothing. But it is always bad to be arrested — especially now.† (Hemingway 283). Henry after escaping the war front, fear haunts him when he is told that he was being sought after to be arrested for having been earlier an officer and was now out of uniform. He and Catherine are forced to flee. Soldiers in the novel All Quiet on the Western Front present a picture of soldiers who leave on constant fear of physical danger as the prospects of blown up are so high. Paul the protagonist says that he wished that one day he woke up and found all that had been gone forever. Paul is referring to the wars and shows how soldiers dreamt of the end to the war but still woke up to it Destruction of property World War 1 was characterized use of heavy machinery and explosives. Farewell to Arms by Henry Hemingway illustrates the destructive nature this war brought to the native peasants. The narrator says â€Å"The night we helped empty the field hospital that had been set up in the least ruined villages of the plateau† (Hemingway 200). In addition Henry notes that there were blown up bridges (Hemingway 223) which hindered accessibility to some areas. There are many abandoned farm houses. Loss of life War is usually characterized by massive loss of life due to involvement of weapons. Farewell to Arms by Hemingway is a classic example. Catherine says that his former boyfriend was killed in the war. Catherine describes his death as a ghastly show (Hemingway 18). Soldiers too are not spared to the war onslaught. Rossini and many other Italian soldiers when their camp is hit by a trench mortar shell from the enemy camp. Henry on page 79 says â€Å"when they lifted you up out of bed to carry you into the dressing room you could look out of the window and see the new graves in the garden.† The presents of fresh graves seem s to amplify the concept of loss of life. Conclusion The various novels analyzed in this research have shown that Wars despite having been used to advance political and economical, communities and societies that were involved in this war were left with more harm than good. The research has looked at the World War 1, the World War II and the Vietnam War. Wars create fear, disillusionment, massive migration of people, murder, loss of life, decay of moral values and discrimination among several others. Reference Thompson, Hunter S. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream. London: Flamingo, 1972 Hemingway, Ernest (1929). Hemingway, Seà ¡n, ed. A Farewell to Arms (The Special Edition ed.). London: William Heinemann. Elton, B. (2006). The first casualty. London: Black Swan. Graves, R. (2011). Goodbye to all that. London: Viking. Remarque, E. M., & Murdoch, B. (1996). All quiet on the Western Front. London: Vintage. Source document