The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis was a tense 13-day-long (October 16-28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union triggered by America’s discovery of nuclear-capable Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. With Russian long-range nuclear missiles just 90 miles off the shore of Florida, the crisis pushed the limits of atomic diplomacy and is generally considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. Spiced with open and secret communication and strategic miscommunication between the two sides, the Cuban Missile Crisis was unique in the fact that it took place mainly in the White House and the Soviet Kremlin, with little or no foreign policy input from either the U.S. Congress or the legislative arm of the Soviet government, the Supreme Soviet. Events Leading to the Crisis In April 1961, the U.S. government backed a group of Cuban exiles in an armed attempt to overthrow communist Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. The infamous assault, known as the Bay of Pigs invasion, failed miserably, became a foreign policy black eye for President John F. Kennedy, and only widened the growing Cold War diplomatic gap between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Still smarting from the Bay of Pigs failure, the Kennedy administration in the spring of 1962 planned Operation Mongoose, a complex set of operations orchestrated by the CIA and Department of Defense, again intended to remove Castro from power. While some of the non-military actions of Operation Mongoose were conducted during 1962, the Castro regime remained solidly in place. In July 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, in response to the Bay of Pigs and the presence of American Jupiter ballistic missiles Turkey, secretly agreed with Fidel Castro to place Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba in order to prevent the United States from attempting future invasions of the island. The Crisis Begins as Soviet Missiles Detected In August of 1962, routine U.S. surveillance flights began showing a build-up of Soviet-made conventional weapons on Cuba, including Soviet IL–28 bombers capable of carrying nuclear bombs. A U.S. patrol plane flies over a Soviet freighter during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis. Getty Images Staff On September 4, 1962, President Kennedy publicly warned the Cuban and Soviet governments to cease the stockpiling of offensive weapons on Cuba. However, photographs from a U.S. U–2 high-altitude aircraft on October 14 clearly showed sites for the storage and launch of medium- and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) being built in Cuba. These missiles allowed the Soviets to effectively target the majority of the continental United States. On October 15, 1962, the pictures from the U-2 flights were delivered to the White House and within hours the Cuban Missile crisis was underway. The Cuban ‘Blockade’ or ‘Quarantine’ Strategy In the White House, President Kennedy huddled with his closest advisers to plan a response to the Soviet’s actions. Kennedy’s more hawkish advisers – led by the Joint Chiefs of Staff argued for an immediate military response including air strikes to destroy the missiles before they could be armed and made ready for launch, followed by a full-scale military invasion of Cuba. At the other end, some of Kennedy’s advisers favored a purely diplomatic response including strongly-worded warnings to Castro and Khrushchev they hoped would result in the supervised removal of the Soviet missiles and dismantling of the launch sites. Kennedy, however, chose to take a course in the middle. His Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara had suggested a naval blockade of Cuba as a restrained military action. However, in delicate diplomacy, every word matters, and the word â€Å"blockade† was a problem. In international law, a â€Å"blockade† is considered an act of war. So, on October 22, Kennedy ordered the U.S. Navy to establish and enforce a strict naval â€Å"quarantine† of Cuba. The same day, President Kennedy sent a letter to Soviet premier Khrushchev making it clear that further delivery of offensive weapons to Cuba would not be allowed, and that the Soviet missile bases already under construction or completed should be dismantled and all weapons returned to the Soviet Union. Kennedy Informs the American People Early in the evening of October 22, President Kennedy appeared live across all U.S. television networks to inform the nation of the Soviet nuclear threat developing just 90 miles from American shores. In his televised address, Kennedy personally condemned Khrushchev for the â€Å"clandestine, reckless and provocative threat to world peace† and warned that the United States was prepared to retaliate in kind should any Soviet missiles be launched. â€Å"It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States, requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union,† stated President Kennedy. Kennedy went on to explain his administration’s plan for dealing with the crisis through the naval quarantine. â€Å"To halt this offensive buildup, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated,† he said. â€Å"All ships of any kind bound for Cuba, from whatever nation or port, will, if found to contain cargoes of offensive weapons, be turned back.† Kennedy also stressed that the U.S. quarantine would not prevent food and other humanitarian â€Å"necessities of life† from reaching the Cuban people, â€Å"as the Soviets attempted to do in their Berlin blockade of 1948.† Mere hours before Kennedy’s address, the Joint Chiefs of Staff had placed all U.S. military forces on DEFCON 3 status, under which the Air Force stood ready to launch retaliatory attacks within 15 minutes. Khrushchev’s Response Raises Tensions At 10:52 pm EDT, on October 24, President Kennedy received a telegram from Khrushchev, in which the Soviet Premier stated, â€Å"if you [Kennedy] weigh the present situation with a cool head without giving way to passion, you will understand that the Soviet Union cannot afford not to decline the despotic demands of the USA.† In the same telegram, Khrushchev stated that he had ordered Soviet ships sailing for Cuba to ignore the U.S. naval â€Å"blockade,† which the Kremlin considered to be â€Å"an act of aggression.† During October 24 and 25, despite Khrushchev’s message, some ships bound for Cuba turned back from the U.S. quarantine line. Other ships were stopped and searched by U.S. naval forces but were found not to contain offensive weapons and allowed to sail on for Cuba. However, the situation was actually growing more desperate as U.S. reconnaissance flights over Cuba indicated that work on the Soviet missile sites was continuing, with several nearing completion. US Forces Go to DEFCON 2 In light of the latest U-2 photos, and with no peaceful end to the crisis in sight, the Joint Chiefs of Staff placed U.S. forces at readiness level DEFCON 2; an indication that war involving the Strategic Air Command (SAC) was imminent. During the DEFCON 2 period, about 180 of SAC’s more than 1,400 long-range nuclear bombers remained on airborne alert and some 145 U.S. intercontinental ballistic missiles were placed on ready status, some aimed at Cuba, some at Moscow. On the morning of October 26, President Kennedy told his advisers that while he intended to allow the naval quarantine and diplomatic efforts more time to work, he feared that removing the Soviet missiles from Cuba would ultimately require a direct military attack. As America held its collective breath, the risky art of atomic diplomacy faced its greatest challenge. Khrushchev Blinks First On the afternoon of October 26, the Kremlin appeared to soften its stance. ABC News correspondent John Scali informed the White House that a â€Å"Soviet agent† had personally suggested to him that Khrushchev might order the missiles removed from Cuba if President Kennedy personally promised not to invade the island. While the White House was unable to confirm the validity of Scali’s â€Å"back channel† Soviet diplomatic offer, President Kennedy received an eerily similar message from Khrushchev himself on the evening of October 26. In an uncharacteristically long, personal and emotional note, Khrushchev expressed a desire to avoid the horrors of a nuclear holocaust. â€Å"If there is no intention,† he wrote, â€Å"to doom the world to the catastrophe of thermonuclear war, then let us not only relax the forces pulling on the ends of the rope, let us take measures to untie that knot. We are ready for this.† President Kennedy decided not to respond to Khrushchev at the time.   Out of the Frying Pan, but Into the Fire However, the next day, October 27, the White House learned that Khrushchev was not exactly that â€Å"ready† to end the crisis. In a second message to Kennedy, Khrushchev emphatically demanded that any deal to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba had to include the removal of U.S. Jupiter missiles from Turkey. Once again, Kennedy chose not to respond. Later the same day, the crisis deepened when a U.S. U–2 reconnaissance jet was shot down by a surface-to-air (SAM) missile launched from Cuba. The U-2 pilot, U.S. Air Force Major Rudolf Anderson Jr., died in the crash. Khrushchev claimed that the Major Anderson’s plane had been shot down by the â€Å"Cuban military† on orders issued by Fidel Castro’s brother Raul. While President Kennedy had previously stated he would retaliate against Cuban SAM sites if they fired on U.S. planes, he decided not to do so unless there were further incidents. While continuing to search for a diplomatic resolution, Kennedy and his advisors began planning an attack on Cuba to be carried out as soon as possible in order to prevent more nuclear missile sites from becoming operational. As this point, President Kennedy still had not responded to either of Khrushchev’s messages. Just in Time, a Secret Agreement In a risky move, President Kennedy decided to respond to Khrushchev’s first less demanding message and ignore the second one. Kennedy’s response to Khrushchev suggested a plan for the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba to be overseen by the United Nations, in return for assurances that the United States would not invade Cuba. Kennedy, however, made no mention of the U.S. missiles in Turkey. Even as President Kennedy was responding to Khrushchev, his younger brother, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, was secretly meeting with Soviet Ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Dobrynin. In their October 27 meeting, Attorney General Kennedy told Dobrynin that the United States had been planning to remove its missiles from Turkey and would proceed to do so, but that this move could not be made public in any agreement ending the Cuban missile crisis. Dobrynin related the details of his meeting with Attorney General Kennedy to the Kremlin and on the morning of October 28, 1962, Khrushchev publicly stated that all Soviet missiles would be dismantled and removed from Cuba. While the missile crisis was essentially over, the U.S. naval quarantine continued until November 20, 1962, when the Soviets agreed to remove their IL–28 bombers from Cuba. Interestingly, the U.S. Jupiter missiles were not removed from Turkey until April 1963. The Legacy of the Missile Crisis As the defining and most desperate event of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis helped to improve the world’s negative opinion of the United States after its failed Bay of Pigs invasion and strengthened President Kennedy’s overall image at home and abroad. In addition, the secretive and dangerously confusing nature of vital communications between the two superpowers as the world teetered on the brink of nuclear war resulted in the installation of the so-called â€Å"Hotline† direct telephone link between the White House and the Kremlin. Today, the â€Å"Hotline† still exists in the form of a secure computer link over which messages between the White House and Moscow are exchanged by email. Finally and most importantly, realizing they had brought the world to the brink of Armageddon, the two superpowers began to consider scenarios for ending the nuclear arms race and began working toward a permanent nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

ANOTHER GREAT CUSTOM ESSAY FOR YOU

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Gap analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gap analysis - Essay Example They always insist on relevant case studies and reality in the job market. Through their examples and case studies, I have been able to evaluate my strengths and weaknesses and plan adequately on how to improve my capabilities. They pose different challenges like giving me assignments to solve different situations. This also includes different research studies in order to come up with different conclusions and answers to challenges that most organizations and companies are experiencing in the global market. I also intend to participate in other activities that will prepare me for the preferred field. Firstly, I plan to attend career fairs that are occasionally organized by our department through the university. Further, all movements under my department also organize different career fairs depending on the needs of the students. They also organize exchange programs for students from different universities who normally come together and discuss different issues that are in line of their course and their expectations in the job market. Through these avenues, I will be able to acquire the relevant knowledge and skills that are required in the job market. These opportunities will provide an avenue for exposure to the reality of the job market. Additionally, it will provide an avenue to network and interact with other students from different institutions and share our thoughts altogether. In the profession fairs, I expect to meet leaders of diverse companies. In my situation, the school normally invites most of the renowned global companies like the Unilever and the Coca Cola companies. Mostly, I will be involved I these activities during my last two years in the university. This will be the best time since I will be partly done with most of my course work and ready to join the world. Through the different networking opportunities during the career fairs and exchange programs,

Business Entity Matrix Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Entity Matrix Paper - Essay Example Another reason of choosing LLP relates with my inherited home, as LLP protects personal assets of partners in a way that wrongful actions of my friend partners will not cause loss of my inherited place, and thus, it was better to choose limited liability partnership, as I will be responsible for only my unlawful acts and vice versa. Another significant advantage of choosing LLP is its mode of consistence, as any alterations in the number of partners will not affect my benefits, as well as liabilities, unlike limited partnerships (Mancuso, 2007).  In this way, limited liability partnership seemed a shielded business structure with less exposure to particular liabilities. Although LLP is an innovative structure, study indicated few problems related to legal and tax issues (Daily, 2008); however, it appeared a better option during the decision. Regarding other liabilities, brief analysis specified that although LLP protects liability of partners; however, some states in the country do not offer such restrictions, and thus, all the partners may confront losses. Moreover, detail analysis and comparison with other forms of business structures showed that I would be less secure in LLP, as compared with financial liabilities of a shareholder in a corporation. Still, I chose limited liability partnership after analyzing different aspects, benefits, and drawbacks of different business entities.Besides analysis of business structures, employees or workforce play a major role in the success and failure of any business entity.

Paper Puppet Essay Example for Free

Paper Puppet Essay Productions in companies may be attributed to activities, such as the paper puppet production. Such productions are normally utilized in the fabrication of electronic gadgets, automobiles, and the like. Being able to experience such activity gave me an entertaining and amusing feeling. The thought of line production has always given me a negative feeling, for the same things were repeatedly done for a specific time frame. The activity, â€Å"Paper Puppets†, was an exercise that gaged the productivity and efficiency of workers, while following a specific order. For this exercise, one would act as the supervisor, while the rest was divided into two groups. The first group was assigned to time the task, at the same time make observations, while the second group was to do the tasks. Two rounds were done so as both groups could be able to perform the activity, before the results were finally compared. There was a delay in the first puppet made, for there was an imbalance in the distribution, resulting to uneven work load. A wallop was formed with the uneven distribution of work assignments, denting the production time. An evenly distributed load resulted in a 1-minute production, while uneven workload resulted in a 3-minute production. This resulted to a 2-minute time difference, decreasing the production to a saddening 60%. In the end, both puppets passed the standards set by the Quality Control and Assurance department. However, the second puppet was better than the first, for adjustments have been made as improvements of the first puppet. From the experience I had, I discovered that line production was focused not only on the efficiency of the the workers, but also on the quantity and quality of the products made. A flimsy mistake committed by a worker would result in the imperfection of one or several products. With the continuous upgrading of technology nowadays, companies tend to prefer the use of systems and machineries other than human workers. This is primarily due to the fact that machines tend to commit lesser mistakes as compared to human workers, since they are programmed to make unflawed products. In addition to this, the decrease in defects also increases the companys production, resulting to more profit for the company. The purpose of line production is to increase their productivity at a specific time frame as much as possible, and not decrease it. The activity made me realize that this kind of work would be uninteresting for someone like me. I cannot imagine myself being part of a line for the whole day, and on a paced motion. I felt that this kind of work was a way to put down the aspirations and dreams of the workers, who were mentally and physically weary of their job. In order for companies to have quality and quantity assured products,I suggest that a rotation in their jobs be made by the management. This would make the workers become more diversified with their line of work. However, this may also result in more complex problems and imperfections in the products, for the workers are not experienced enough to be in a specific field. Everything is a process. I guess with everyones cooperation and support, such a process may be made in order to make high grade products that can be exported to the different parts of the world.

Luxury fror less :: essays research papers

Luxury for Less   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many American’s today, the stress of finding a good deal on a car seems far from relieving. But nowadays believe it or not, finding a car that gives you a â€Å" bang for your buck† could quite possibly be at your nearest Nissan dealership. With outrageous gas prices and unpredictable weather, the sleek looking 2005 Nissan Sentra SE offers the affordability, performance, and modern appearance that most high-end vehicles offer as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With current gas prices across the country rising daily, the 2005 Nissan Sentra SE offers affordability with maintaining 37 mpg for highway mileage, along with 29 mpg for city mileage. Not only is this vehicle gas efficient but it is also finically efficient. The 2005 Nissan Sentra SE is currently retailing under $18,000, including full packages with powered features and great warranties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since 99% of the time spent in our vehicles is while driving, owning a vehicle with good performance is important. Not only does it affect the driving experience, but can also lead to stress and hassle if the vehicle isn‘t reliable. Included with the purchase of the 2005 Nissan Sentra SE, is a 100,000 mile power train warranty, insuring that mostly all of the components of the vehicle are covered. Allowing you to drive comfortably knowing your safe. With safety in mind, the 2005 Nissan Sentra SE is also equipped with both driver and passenger side airbags, and along with an ABS breaking system, which enables the vehicle’s break system to function more stable and quickly in case of an emergency. But the most important test for any vehicle’s performance, is how it handles in substantial weather conditions.

Everyday Leadership

Drew Dudley believes leadership is not a characteristic reserved for the extraordinary. He works to help people discover the leader within themselves, so he posted this video on Feb 2012 about discovering the meaning of leadership. He is a leadership educator. Drew Dudley's interest in developing people's leadership began when he was the leadership development coordinator at University of Toronto, Scarborough. In 2010, he founded Nuance Leadership Development Services Company creates leadership for communities, organizations and individuals- a subject on which he also speaks widely. How many of you are completely convinced calling her or him a leader? According to Drew's video, he always ask this kind of question, and huge of audience prevent to raise their hands. Thus, he became to realize that we made leadership something bigger than us, we made it something beyond us, and we made it something changing the world. We spend so much time celebrating amazing birthdays that anyone can do, and we persuade that is the only thing we can celebrate with, and starting to ignore things we can do every day. He told us a short story which is made difference of his life, and led him to change the meaning of leadership. This was the crucial reason for posting this amazing video by drew since he wants to discover the exact meaning of leadership. Before start talking about the most important points for this video, I prefer to share with you a short story in my life which encouraged me to chosen this great topic that I am interested with. For two years ago, my best friend –REHAM- who is younger than me about approximately two years. She told me that she consider me as the only person in her life who made changing in her life. She told me a very short attitude happened once between us. For ten years ago, at elementary school, when I was in the last years at this school, and she was years before. We were prepared for the graduation ceremony, and I was the main presented for most of songs. She was shy to stand up in front of audience, and I did not know that before. Also, she always watched my actions since we were together at school, because she cares about me and she loves me so much. Just as I am a person who feels more confident since I was child, I am interested in most of activities in the school until I graduated from university. I just hold her hand and I keep her beside me when we sung. Reham said â€Å"in that moment I felt so proud of you and you made me feel more confident about myself and since that time, I decided to get over fear of standing in front of public†. She became very confident about herself. We are more than sister now. Furthermore, I am so lucky to hear that, and I did changing on her life. All of you changed something of others people's life without being realizes. Moreover, we need to make redefinition of leadership in our lives. Leadership is making one big decision, positive decisions on others people's life. How many we create? , how many we pay for it? , and how many we say thank for? As long as keeping leadership bigger than us, as long as keeping leadership beyond us, we will give us excuse not to expected everyday from ourselves and each others. Consequently, we need to get over our fears about changing other people's life. To conclude, it is important to recognize the profoundly positive impact that can come from insignificant actions more than money, power, and tittles. That will make a difference for others people's life. Simple idea, but I do not think is a small one.

Dance of Life Essay

The painting â€Å"Dance of Life†, created by Edvard Munch in 1900, is a painting that portrays people in different stages of life. It portrays two women who seem sad, a third woman who seems happy, and a bunch of other women dancing with men. The painting implies that life is difficult and that it can be depressing at times, but that it always goes on. The arrangement of the women in a half circle represents the phases of life. The women on the end of the half circle are both standing alone. The woman on the far left stands alone, representing youth, and wears white, representing innocence. The woman on the far right stands alone, representing the loneliness of old age, and she wears black, representing death or loss. The women dancing in the background represent the different phases of life and the enjoyment that can be found in every phase of life. The woman in the center of the painting represents the idea of being out of step with the ‘dance of life’. She wears a red dress, different from all the others. Red represents danger or anger which can be perceived as negative, but by painting her in the center the artist respects her unique position in life and implies that her difference from the rest is a positive quality. The way that others are turned towards her represents how people in society center so much of their lives on attention to others’ decisions. More than half of the painting has a green background representing life and vitality. The top quarter of the painting is a blue body of water that simultaneously represent tranquility. The juxtaposition of these two represents the necessity of having balance in your life. The green, as well as the people dancing, represent the joy to be found in life. Most of life should be joyous, coupled with the tranquility, silence, and reflection represented by the blue and the three girls not dancing. The different colors used in this painting represent all the different aspects in life and how important it is to acknowledge all of them. The artist doesn’t use harsh lines or defined shapes in this painting. All the shapes are smooth and rounded. It really adds to the implication that life flows. The smooth shapes help the painting transition from left to right. The smooth shapes support the half circle shape and it all works together to create a path for the eye to follow. There’s not a large contrast of darkness and light; most of the painting is dark except for one column where the sun is, which casts more light on the girl in white. This gives the idea that there’s more light, more carefree-ness in the youth. The entire painting is two dimensional. Though there are clearly different rows and elements to this painting, the grass, water, and sky all seem to run together in a flat way. This gives the feeling that we are bigger than life; that we are bigger than the problems of the world around us. The painting has three central points of interest; the three women in their different phases of life are set up as the most significant points of the painting. It represents the phases of life and brings to mind the emotions associated with those phases. The young girl in the white dress stands next to flowers which only accentuate the idea of youth and imply that the girl, like the flowers, will still continue to grow. The older woman on the end seems to have a morose, solemn look about her. It implies introspection and reflection on the long life she’s lived. It gives pause to the viewer and causes them to be solemn. One reason the painting conveys its message so well is because of the way the women are set up in contrast to each other. The harmony in the painting is created in the way that the women wear white and the men wear black. It creates a calm background which sets up a better backdrop to set the three women apart. The sun setting over the water creates a smooth backdrop and adds an idea of resignment to the painting; as though it’s okay to accept this ‘dance of life’ as a way of living. Unity is completely achieved in this painting as all of the people have something in common; be it gender, clothing color, or disposition. This is a closed compositional painting and it’s emphasized by the circle closing off at the edges of both paintings. It represents the idea of the circle of life and ensures that every aspect of life is contained in the painting. The lines and structure of this painting seem unintentional. The lines of the grass and the separation between the water and the sky aren’t straight or harsh. They’re smooth and blurred, creating an intentionally casual dynamic. The point of view of the painter is that life is short and that people are happiest in their youth. The older woman seems to have a look of remorse or regret on her face as she stares at the lady in red. The painter seems to be saying that we, as the viewers, should enjoy our youth and live without regrets. It also gives implications about life and the human experience; life is contained in a short circle and passes by quickly. In any phase of life, there are things to be enjoyed and appreciated because life passes by way too quickly. The painter’s view of the world is that there’s good aspects of every part of life. He seems to think that youth is the best part of life and that mistakes are central to life. The way that everyone circles around the woman in red represents that life circles around mistakes and trials but that it’s all surmountable. The painting accurately describes the way that the artist sees the way the life begins and ends; the way that we start as the girl in white—innocent and hopeful and young—and that we end as the lady in black—feeling morose and sad and as though life has slipped away all too suddenly. The way that she looks at the girl in red implies that the painter thinks that in our old age all we have to look back on is the choices we made, the friends we choose to keep, and the happiness that we choose to create. Though this was painted in 1900, it very accurately represents our culture right now. It’s a reminder to seize the day, to live for the moment, to make the most of whatever phase of life you’re in so that you won’t look back at the end of life and regret choices or missed opportunities. This painting causes me to reflect on my life and the decisions that I make. It makes me want to focus more on being happy with the phase of life that I’m in and to appreciate being youthful and carefree. It reinforces the desire to not make decisions that will keep me out of the circle. The painting gives the feeling that life is to be enjoyed, and that no matter what it will keep going.

The French Expression Jarrive

The French Expression 'Jarrive' The French expression jarrive means Im on my way to wherever the listener might be (downstairs in the lobby, outside the building, at home, etc). Surprisingly, it can also mean Ill be right back, when youre already with someone and need to leave for a moment. In other words, it can be used whether or not youre actually face to face with the person youre talking to: both Im on my way there and Im on my way (back) here. Expression: JarrivePronunciation: [zha reev]Meaning: Im on my way, Ill be right there / down / out / backLiteral translation: Im arrivingRegister: normal Examples (Au tà ©là ©phone)- Salut Christophe, je suis devant limmeuble.- Daccord Hà ©là ¨ne, jarrive.(On the phone)- Hi Christophe, Im in front of the (your) building.- OK Hà ©là ¨ne, Im on my way, Ill be right out.(A linterphone)- Bonjour, cest le facteur. Jai un colis pour vous.- Merci, Monsieur, jarrive.(On the apartment entry phone)- Hello, its the mailman. I have a package for you.- Thank you, sir, Ill be right there/down.Houp, jai oublià © mon portefeuille - jarrive.Oops, I forgot my wallet - Ill be right back.A classic: you catch the waiters eye as he rushes past your table, and without slowing down, he says jarrive. While less common, its also possible to use other subjects, such asIl arrive - Hell be right here/there, Hes on his way.On arrive - Well be right there, Were on our way.

18 Awesome ACT Hacks to Help You Ace the Test

18 Awesome ACT Hacks to Help You Ace the Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wouldn't it be great if there was a key that unlocked all the shortcuts to success on the ACT? Although that dream might be a little unrealistic, the advice in this article will give you the next best thing in the form of mini-strategies that will cut down on your stress levels and improve your scores. Can You Actually â€Å"Hack† the ACT? To a limited extent, yes. The strategies in this article may lead to a small increase in your scores, but they won’t fix major issues you have with the content of the test.Understanding the format and how to get around some of the trickier parts of the ACT is important, but there’s no substitute for in-depth studying. Consider these tips as supplements to your regular studying rather than cure-alls for your more serious issues with the material on the test.We’ve written a guide on how to study for the ACT that you can check out for more insight into the review process. Overall ACT Hacks Here are some techniques that you can use on all parts of the ACT to earn the best possible score on each section. #1: Skip Hard Questions at First On every section of the ACT, you need to pace yourself carefully to avoid running out of time before you get to all of the questions.If you come across a question that completely stumps you, don’t linger. Struggling with one question for too long can damage your scores because it takes up time you could have used to answer easier questions later in the section.You can always come back to the questions you skipped if you have time, but you shouldn’t prioritize one tricky question over getting through the section before time is called. #2: Fill in an Answer Bubble for Every Question The ACT has noguessing penalty, so it’s in your best interests to fill in an answer choice for every question on the test.Even if there are only 30 seconds remaining in a section and you have five questions left, you should fill in those bubbles at random in case you get lucky.If you do, you’ll earn more points, and if you don’t, your score will be no different than if you’d left the questions blank. #3: Know the Test Structure Since this is a standardized test, you should prepare by becoming familiar with how it’s structured.If nothing on the test comes as a surprise to you, you’ll feel much more relaxed.You'll be able devote all of your mental energy to understanding the content rather than navigating an unexpected test format. This article provides a complete guide to the format of the ACT, including skills tested, number of questions, and length of each section. #4: Use Process of Elimination Process of elimination is the most effective strategy for answering questions on the ACT.It’s much easier for look for reasons to get rid of answers than it is to pick the correct choice out of the lineup right away.Be picky about what it means for an answer to be correct. This is especially applicable to questions in the English and Reading sections.If you can’t find evidence in the passage that definitively supports an answer choice, get rid of it! You don't have to guess what's behind each door - you'll be able to find clues that rule out 3 out of 4 answers. If you answer correctly, you'll get a brand new karaoke machine. Be sure to claim your prize from the College Board. You deserve this. ACT English Hacks Here are a few tricks specific to the English section that will help you find the answers to questions that might otherwise stump you. #5: Choose the Most Concise Answer The essence of good writing is saying what you mean in the most accurate way without any extra unnecessary words. When you’re trying to decide between a few different phrasings for a sentence in the English section, usually the least wordy choice is correct.There are exceptions to this rule, but it’s enough of a common trend that if you’re totally stumped by a question, picking the shortest answer is a fairly safe bet. #6: Tread Carefully With NO CHANGE Answers Many students are either too wary of NO CHANGE answers or too eager to pick them.Always double check before choosing NO CHANGE, but if you genuinely feel that it’s the right answer, try not to doubt yourself too much.NO CHANGE answers make up around a quarter of the correct responses to questions where they’re presented as an option. Don’t assume that a NO CHANGE option is any less likely to be correct compared to the other choices. #7: Read Around the Question Context is important on ACT English because all the questions are based on longer passages.When answering a question about the structure of a sentence, you should always read the entire sentence, not just the part that you’re asked to revise.It might even be helpful to read the preceding and following sentences so that you can get a feel for how the different answer choices affect the flow of the passage.This will help you see that some phrasings sound more awkward than others when considered in a larger context. Context is always important. For all we know, this is just a disembodied pair of arms underneath a pile of clothes. ACT Math Hacks The Math section is the most challenging part of the ACT for many students. Here are some hacks that will help you get through tough problems. #8: Plug In Answers The great thing about multiple choice tests is that the correct answer is always right there in front of you - all you have to do is find it. Thismeans that you can often work backward to find the correct answers to math problems on the ACT even if you’re not sure of the actual solution method.This can take longer than just solving the problem the old-fashioned way, so it shouldn’t be your first move, but if you’re stumped it’s a viable way to solve problems successfully. #9: Use the Diagrams Diagrams on the Math section exist to help you, so make sure you take advantage of them.Diagrams are useful in estimating the correct answer even if you aren’t sure how to solve the problem.If you need to calculate a dimension of a shape, for example, consider how large that dimension looks compared to other parts of the diagram that are already labeled. In doing this, you can ensure that your answer makes logical sense. #10: Memorize Important Formulas The ACT doesn’t give you a list of formulas like the SAT, so you have to know the most commonly used formulas off the top of your head.Make sure you take a bit of time to review this list of formulas before the test. For example, you should know that the cosine of angle B in this image is equivalent to the length of side C divided by the length of side a. ACT Reading Hacks The Reading section involves a great deal of time pressure and high-level reading comprehension skills.These strategies will help you on the road to overcoming these challenges. #: Decide Whether to Skim or Skip You should go into the Reading section with a strategy in mind for how you want to approach the passages.Some people can read the passages normally all the way through and still make it to the end of the section, but for most students, it’s smart to adopt a more efficient alternative approach. One option is to skim the passage before starting work on the questions.This usually means reading the intro paragraph, first and last sentences of each body paragraph, and conclusion paragraph.These parts of the passage usually provide the most critical information about the central topic. Another option is to skip the passage initially and head straight for the questions.You can answer questions about small details by going back and searching for them in the passage.Save the broader questions for last after you’ve already gotten a handle on what the passage is about by putting together the smaller details.Experiment with each of these strategies on practice tests so you know what works best for you and saves you the most time. #12: Read Your Favorite Subject First In the ACT Reading section, the passages are always in the same order with regards to their subject matter.You can take advantage of this by determining the optimal order in which to read the passages beforehand.It’s best to start with the subject matter or writing style that you feel most comfortable reading because you’ll get through that passage faster than the others and probably won't struggle as much with the questions.It would be a bad idea to save the subject you like most for last because you might run out of time before getting to that question set. #13: Always Find Direct Evidence You should never make assumptions to get to your answers to questions on the Reading section.If you think that two answers seem equally valid, reread the relevant part of the passage and carefully analyze the evidence.There is only one irrefutably correct answer, and you'll always be able to point to something in the passage that gives it away. The resigned pain in this child's eyes resembles the attitude with which most students approach ACT Reading passages. ACT Science Hacks Here are a few ACT hacksyou can use to make the science section a little less intimidating and more manageable. #14: Save Conflicting Viewpoints for Last Conflicting viewpoints is the most time-consuming part of the ACT Science section for almost every student.It involves much more reading than the other parts of the section, which mostly consist of data interpretation.It’s best to save conflicting viewpoints for last so youcan get through all the quicker passages first. #15: Visuals Are Your Friends The ACT science section appears complicated because there are detailed explanations of experimental procedures combined with diagrams and charts. However, most of this information only exists to make you freak out about all the stuff you think you don’t understand. You can ignore most of the background information and just focus on the data provided in the visuals when answering questions. These questions are mostly based on logic, not complex science. #16: Don’t Bother Studying Science Terms The Science section on the ACT doesn’t have much in common with the tests that you’ve taken in high school science classes.It’s not necessary to study terms because there won’t be any obscure concepts that you need to understand independently.Anything obscure that you need to know to answer the questions will be defined for you in the passage.Succeeding on the Science section is about getting used to the format and digging down to the logical core of each question. Science is tooooootally tubular. ACT Writing Hacks If you’re taking the ACT with Writing, here are some ways to ensure that you end up with a decent score even if you’re not completely confident in your writing abilities. #17: Include an Introduction and Conclusion Introductions and conclusions are the most important aspects of any ACT essay.The graders pay close attention to the first and last paragraphs of each essay because they provide insight into the quality of the rest of your writing.The introduction is even more critical to your score than the conclusion because it includes a thesis statement, which gives the reader a preview of the rest of your essay.Make sure your intro contains a clear thesis statement that will make it easy for the grader to give you points! #18: Write at Least Two Pages There’s no official length requirement for the ACT essay, but you should aim for at least two pages of writing to ensure that your argument is fully developed.Essays that are less than two pages typically score lower because they don’t include enough details or explain their ideas completely.If you have an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion, making your essay at least two pages probably won’t be an issue. Conclusion: How to Hack the ACT You need to have strong fundamental knowledge of the content to earn a high score, but there are still a few simple ACT hacks you can use to make the test easier for yourself without doing a bunch of extra studying. Here's a consolidated list of all the strategies I've gone over in this article: Overall ACT Hacks Skip Hard Questions at First Fill in An Answer for Every Question Know the Test Structure Use Process of Elimination ACT English Hacks Choose the Most Concise Answer Tread Carefully with NO CHANGE Answers Read Around the Question ACT Math Hacks Plug in Answers Use the Diagrams Memorize Important Formulas ACT Reading Hacks Decide Whether to Skim or Skip Read Your Favorite Subject First Look for Direct Evidence ACT Science Hacks Save Conflicting Viewpoints for Last Visuals Are Your Friends Don't Bother Studying Science Terms ACT Writing Hacks Include an Introduction and Conclusion Write at Least Two Pages These tactics will help you become a more efficient and confident test-taker as long as you use them in tandem with a responsible long-term study plan! What's Next? Are you looking for a reliable guide to preparing for the ACT? Check out ourlist of the best ACT review books released this year. You might not have time to get through a whole review book before you take the ACT. If that's the case, this article has a list of critical last-minute strategy guides that you should read. Feeling ambitious? This guide will tell you exactly what you need to do to work towards a perfect score on the test. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Journalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Journalism - Essay Example The development of information technology and other communication technology has helped journalism to grow further. (Balunywa 2009). The improvement in the technology has made people's life so easier and it has paved way for the other industries to use make use of them and grow. The drastic improvement has changed the way people communicate and it has a great impact on journalism. The way in which people were looking at journalism has become different. New technologies are being used in all stages. Development has taken place in terms of equipments. Introduction of Internet has taken over everything. It totally changed the way journalism was before. Traditionally communication media was in the form of television, newspaper and radio. After internet's development there has been a decline in the amount of people watching the news in television and people opting for printed materials. (Allan 2005). Technology allows the journalists to grow with efficiency that helps them to achieve more difficult tasks. materials. Normally reporters collect the information first hand or get the data from a reliable secondary source. Reporters mostly follow the same procedure in gathering the news. Then they had to take it to their respective offices and do the necessary modifications before publishing. Editing was also done by a separate group of people after which the information will be ready for publishing. Now all this can be done with the help of systems specially developed to serve these purpose. (Fredrick 2007). Channels have also undergone a change by introducing separate news channels that work for 24 hours. The increase in the competition between the various channels has led to the improvement in the way they approach the news. With the increasing number of private sector in the media field, there is an urge for the journalists to make sure they are well equipped. It has actually reduced the burden of the journalists. As everything can be done through internet, they can easily undergo an online training as of how to use these modern equipments. Internet gives the option of getting the information round the clock. Any topic like health, sports, environment and education can be got from the internet. People are able to watch the news live in the available news channel's website without any problem. E-Publishing has transformed the normal publishing industry and it has taken them to heights. The disadvantage of e-publishing is that anyone can publish their own articles which may sometimes give wrong information to people, but it has its own advantages. Almost all the magazines and books can be viewed online. Even the newspapers can be read in the corresponding website. In some days the online newspapers will comprise of video files of particular news. It will contain links which provide the detailed description of that news. This has changed the way people look at these industries. Internet is the most emerging standard using which a person can get information regarding anything that he thinks. After the evolution of mobile phones, the world has shrunk. It has brought people closer. Nowadays mobile phone includes all the features using which a person can view everything through his mobile. Using this reporter can get in touch with anyone at anytime which helps them